Characteristics and design principles of die spring
發布日期：2018-8-14 點擊數：288 次 新聞來源：
Release date: 2018-8-14 hits: 288 news sources:
近年來隨著模具工業發展，模具彈簧尤其是異形截面鋼絲模具彈簧的應用數量和品種日益增大。異形截面模具彈簧具有剛度大、壽命長、體積小等特點。但其設計理論發展比較遲緩。目前，除正方形截面強力彈簧的設計方法比較成熟外，其它截面強力彈簧的設計方法，基本是根據具體截面通過試驗，找出修正系數得出具體截面的經驗設計公式，現對該類彈簧特點和設計問題作一簡介。
In recent years, with the development of die industry, the number and variety of die springs, especially the special-shaped section steel wire die springs, are increasing. The special-shaped section die spring has the characteristics of large rigidity, long life and small volume. But the development of its design theory is rather slow. At present, except the design method of square section spring is more mature, the design method of other section spring is basically based on the specific section through the test, find out the correction coefficient to get the empirical design formula of specific section. This paper briefly introduces the characteristics and design problems of this kind of spring.
這個問題，是使用這種彈簧者很關心也必須搞清楚的問題。下面以正方形截面與圓截面螺旋彈簧作一比較。
This problem is a matter which the spring owner is very concerned about and must be clear about. The following is a comparison between the square section and the helical spring with circular section.
在相同空間內，正方形截面鋼絲彈簧承載能力比圓截面簧要高43-48%。顯而易見，矩形簧要大于50%以上。
In the same space, the load capacity of the square section steel wire spring is higher than that of the circular section spring 43-48%. It is obvious that the rectangle spring is greater than 50%.
從使用應力過大是彈簧破壞的主要原因分析，在相同條件下，異形截面鋼絲彈簧比圓截面鋼絲彈簧的壽命要提高13-14%。
According to the analysis of the main cause of spring failure, the service life of the special section steel wire spring is 13-14% longer than that of the circular section steel wire spring under the same conditions.
異形截面鋼絲彈簧能產生大的變形量。
Profiled wire springs can produce large deformation.
異形鋼絲彈簧的重量大。
The weight of profiled wire springs is large.
線性度比圓截面彈簧好，即剛度更趨于常數值。特別是長邊平行于軸線繞制的彈簧。
The linearity is better than that of the circular section spring, that is, the stiffness tends to be constant. Especially the spring with long sides parallel to the axis.
應用范圍受到一定的限制：從分析可見，異形截面材料彈簧如不能充分應用其優點，便不會產生經濟效益，什么情況下使用好呢？
The scope of application is limited to a certain extent: it can be seen from the analysis that if the special-shaped section material spring can not fully apply its advantages, it will not produce economic benefits. Under what circumstances can it be used well?
(1)用圓截面材料達不到設計載荷。
(1) the design load can not be achieved by using circular cross section materials.
(2)取代圓截面復合彈簧。
(2) replace the composite spring with circular cross section.
(3)用圓材料彈簧達不到所需要變形量的時候。
(3) when a circular material spring does not meet the required amount of deformation.
(4)彈簧安裝空間小的地方。
(4) spring installation space is small.
(5)要求彈簧特性嚴格的地方。
(5) strict requirements for spring characteristics.
二、模具彈簧設計原則
Two. Design principle of die spring
1．彈簧材料許用應力[τ]的選擇，應以保證彈簧疲勞壽命為主進行考慮。
1. the selection of allowable stress [Ti] of spring material should be considered mainly by ensuring the fatigue life of springs.
彈簧的動態壽命，一般分為三類：
The dynamic life of springs is generally divided into three categories.
Ⅰ類：承受交變載荷次數為106；
Class I: the number of alternating loads is 106.
Ⅱ類：承受交變載荷次數為103-105；
Class II: the number of alternating loads is 103-105.
Ⅲ類：承受交變載荷次數小于103；
Class III: the number of times of alternating load is less than 103;
2． 材料寬厚比(a/b)不宜過大，而彈簧的旋繞不宜過小。
2. the material width to thickness ratio (a/b) should not be too large, and the winding of the spring should not be too small.
3． 設計非矩形的異形截面彈簧時，一定要推導和繪制在不同旋轉比、不同寬厚比與變形修正系數(τ)和切應力修正系數(β)的曲線或計算公式。
3. When designing non-rectangular spring with special section, it is necessary to deduce and draw curves or calculation formulas with different rotation ratio, different width-thickness ratio, deformation correction coefficient (_) and shear stress correction coefficient (_).
4． 要根據給定條件和限制條件，選擇計算簡便和參數選擇合理的設計方法。
4. According to the given conditions and constraints, we should choose a design method which is simple in calculation and reasonable in parameter selection.
三 尚存問題
Three surviving problems
1．模具設計標準化程度低，限制了標準化模具彈簧的發展速度。
1. the low degree of standardization of mold design limits the development speed of standardized die springs.
2．模具彈簧標準化程度低，目前除我所為汽車工業制定的QC7111-7113標準外在國內尚無正式使用的國標或行業標準，模具設計人員無標準可選是急待解決的問題。
2. The standardization degree of die spring is low. At present, there is no official national standard or industry standard in China except QC7111-7113 standard for automobile industry. It is an urgent problem for die designers to choose standard.
3．設計理論不完善，目前比較成熟的是矩形截面螺旋彈簧，但對其公差選用尚無定論。其異形截面螺旋彈簧均以矩形截面為基礎，經試驗加以修正。
3. The design theory is imperfect. At present, the rectangular section spiral spring is more mature, but the tolerance selection is still uncertain. The helical spring of the special-shaped section is modified on the basis of rectangular section.
4．沒有異形截面材料生產的定點廠，特別是沒有此類材料的油淬火回火鋼絲供應廠家。而由彈簧制造廠自己改制的材料，質量不穩定，造價高，影響此類彈簧的推廣應用。
4. There are no fixed-point factories for the production of profiled cross-section materials, especially for oil quenched and tempered steel wire suppliers without such materials. The materials made by the spring manufacturer themselves are unstable in quality and high in cost, which affects the popularization and application of this kind of spring.
5．沒有生產此類彈簧的專用卷簧設備。模具用螺旋彈簧旋繞比一般都小于4，而國內卷簧機適用繞制旋繞比在4以上的彈簧。
5. there is no dedicated coil spring equipment for producing such springs. The spiral spring winding ratio for die is generally less than 4, while the domestic coiling machine is suitable for making the spring with the ratio above 4.
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